ADHD is a frequently diagnosed condition that affects both children and adults. It is estimated that 8.4% of children and 2.5% of adults have ADHD. However, there is often confusion about what ADHD is classified as. Many parents and individuals wonder about this. To clarify, ADHD is not technically classified as a mental illness, but rather a behavior disorder. Nonetheless, it can have a significant impact on an individual’s mental health.
At Sunstone Counseling, we understand that there are many questions related to ADHD and how it is treated. Here is an in-depth look at the causes, signs, and symptoms of ADHD and an explanation of what it is considered.
What is ADHD?
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is characterized by symptoms such as difficulty focusing, excessive activity, and impulsivity, either individually or in combination. To receive an ADHD diagnosis, these symptoms must surpass what is considered normal for a person’s age and developmental stage.
Causes
ADHD stands as one of the most frequently diagnosed behavioral disorders in children. While it typically emerges during childhood, its effects can extend into adulthood.
The exact causes of ADHD remain unclear, but it is believed that a combination of genetic predisposition and environmental factors contribute to its development.
Signs and Symptoms
ADHD symptoms are categorized into three groups:
Inattention
- Fails to pay close attention to details or makes careless mistakes
- Has difficulty maintaining focus during tasks or play
- Does not seem to listen when spoken to directly
- Does not follow through on instructions and fails to finish tasks
- Has difficulty organizing tasks and activities
- Avoids or dislikes tasks that require sustained mental effort
- Often loses personal items or tools needed for tasks or activities
- Is easily distracted and often forgetful in daily activities
Hyperactivity
- Fidgets with hands or feet
- Difficulty sitting still or remaining seated
- Runs around or climbs in inappropriate situations
- Has difficulty performing activities or tasks quietly
- Talks excessively
Impulsivity
- Blurts out answers before questions have been completed
- Has difficulty waiting their turn
- Interrupts or intrudes on others
Some individuals predominantly exhibit symptoms of inattention, leading to a diagnosis of ADHD and an inattentive presentation. Others may primarily show symptoms of hyperactivity and impulsivity, resulting in a diagnosis of ADHD (hyperactive and impulsive presentation).
Why ADHD is Called a Behavior Disorder
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder has two areas defined by the DSM (Diagnostic Systical Manual -5-TR): inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity. These can interfere with functioning or development.
ADHD impacts concentration, behavior, mood, and thinking. ADHD, which used to be known as ADD & ADHD, has been placed together as a diagnosis. According to the CDC and several research findings, the cause for the exact reason for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder(ADHD) is currently unknown.
ADHD in Children
Most children with ADHD have been shown to have less activity or are out of sync in the prefrontal cortex. The belief is that this can create difficulty in maintaining focus and impulse control. The prefrontal cortex is the brain area that deals with emotional responses, attention, behavior, and judgment.
Treatments for ADHD
Treatments for ADHD include stimulants and some non-stimulants. These treatments are believed to help the prefrontal cortex part of the brain to become more active, helping to control emotional responses, attention and behavior, and judgment.
Is There a Stigma Around ADHD?
People with ADHD can be seen as impulsive, hyper, or inattentive, which can affect their grades, social skills, and more. It is considered a behavioral issue, even though it is a neural issue. Understanding that mental illnesses stem from a combination of factors like heredity, brain chemistry, stress, and environmental influences can help reduce stigma. As our knowledge of how brain and body chemistry affect behavior evolves, so does our perception of mental illness.
When individuals express concerns about labels, it’s important to emphasize that the terminology used to describe ADHD matters less than ensuring they receive the appropriate support and assistance. The best way to help someone with ADHD is to understand that their attention or hyperactivity is not done with malice. With proper support, individuals with ADHD can achieve success comparable to their peers without such challenges.
Next Steps for ADHD
If you’re a parent concerned about your child’s well-being or an individual struggling with ADHD-related challenges, it’s important to seek support. Don’t hesitate to book a session with our experienced team at Sunstone Counseling. We can work together towards greater understanding, acceptance, and empowerment.
